Yes, but if you use supersonic ammo it won't be nearly as quiet as a subsonic round, they will hear you- BUT, it'll be pretty close to impossible for them to pinpoint your location by the sound alone.
Or you could be a puts and use subsonic ammo in a rifle like a 5.56 or 7.62- that would make it more quiet, but the power, range, and accuracy would be less than a pistol/smg round. Rifle bullets are generally smaller than pistol bullets- rifle cartridges just have much more gunpowder (and consequently very fast bullet speed) to do damage, so reducing that speed so much kinda misses the point.
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In Orwell's hell, a terror era comin through,
but this little brother, is watching you too.